戲臺後的彩繪人生 ─ 林丙皇
林丙皇刊頭

A Colorful Life of Paints behind the Curtain

Lin, Ping-Huang

A stage is a world. We could never help but immerse ourselves in front of the stage because in every show, each glamourous actor and all the properties that are just right altogether tell a fascinating story. Perhaps, the spotlight is usually shining upon the characters. The properties at the back seem invisible and separated from the light; yet, they are tacitly glimmering as well. It is the work Lin, Ping-Huang, "Master Ming Nan," has been devoting himself to for the rest of his life - theatre set painting.

Lin, Ping-Huang revealed his talent in painting as early as his childhood. He became an apprentice to Chang, Chin-Tao, the third-generation master of Chao Yang School at the age of 15. Lin finished his apprenticeship four years later, and launched his own business after his military service in 1975. Except the techniques from Choa Yang School, he also observes and picks up the merits of others. Meanwhile, he learned sketching on his own in order to catch every detail. It is his limitless mind that led him to success without being bound by his school. He and his fellow senior brother, Chen, Ming-Shan are known as "Ming-Shan in the South, Ming-Nan in the North". His advice toward the younger generation is that "patience is the key to persistence; focus is the key to devoted practice; diligent is the key to get hold of every detail that matters."

戲說人生,我們總在劇臺前忘情地投入,每一場戲,除了粉墨登場的演員們,還有那恰如其分的背景道具,一同訴說著每段引人入勝的故事。也許,聚光燈總是打在臺前各個角色上,然而,背後的造景雖兀自獨立,卻也在默默耕耘中漸漸發光,這就是人稱「明男師」的林丙皇投身半輩子的工作。

 

四年養成,一朝出師的學徒生活

雲林臺西出生的林丙皇,因為從小嶄露繪畫天份,村裡從事布袋戲工作的人就引介到繪製布景的師傅那邊學習。十五歲那年,他到了嘉義大林,拜入朝陽派第三代傳人張錦濤門下學藝,排在大師兄賴銘彬、二師兄陳明山、三師兄洪武雄之後,開始了四年的學徒生活。

當時的學徒沒有薪水,甚至每個月還要繳交兩百元的飯錢,林丙皇因為很受老師疼愛,幫忙看顧老師的小孩,因此非但不需交錢,每個月還有十元零用錢可領。一開始幾個月只能幫忙洗筆,或是站在旁邊觀摩學習,大約四個月後才開始在老師或師兄的指導之下上單色,練習將粉漆平均上色,進而慢慢開始學構圖、部件的畫法。整年的工作,除了過年休假六天,二月十五日神明生跟中秋休息一晚,其他時間全年無休,從早上八點工作到晚上一、兩點,每個月更是有四、五天工作到天亮,雖然日以繼夜地工作十分勞累,但是師傅跟師兄不藏私的教授,讓他累積了厚實的功底。

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繪製佈景數十年,林丙皇總有新的領會

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林丙皇的作畫器具

學藝過程中,最令林丙皇難忘的一次經驗,是在入門未滿一年的時候,一次跟隨師傅外出繪製電影看板,對方要求將海報上的直昇機放大十倍畫在電影看板上,還要保留動態的感覺。當時學藝未精,根本不敢繪製,問旁邊的師兄也被拒絕,雖然面臨巨大的壓力,但是想到老師曾經耳提面命:「做這行的不可以說辦不到。」最後想起老師曾教授按比例尺放大繪製的方式,還是硬著頭皮畫出來,雖然知道有諸多瑕疵,但是這樣的經驗讓他建立了信心,對於往後的工作學習更加得心應手。

四年學徒結束後出師,薪水已經可以抽每件的四成,一個月收入約一千多元。在民國64年退伍後,軍中同袍北上到龜山開中藥房,覺得時機成熟的林丙皇,靠著工作儲蓄跟親朋好友籌到三萬多元,也跟著到龜山執業。初到龜山人生地不熟,房租一個月兩千五,先收四個月,加一個月的押金,再購買工具與料件,身邊存款已所剩無幾。幸運的是,執業隔天,龜山當地一個歌仔戲團的人經過看到,委託他繪製背景,從此開始了四十二年的從業生涯,桃園的泰興樂掌中劇團正好在該年成立,並且成為他長年的客戶。第一年因為沒有知名度,連過年回鄉的車錢都沒有,他甚至到同袍店旁的市場擺攤賣春聯才有足夠的費用回家,過了三年後經濟才慢慢穩定,他也開始聲名鵲起,乃至日後他與師兄陳明山有「南明山,北明男」的美譽。

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林丙皇閒暇之餘也自我進修學習素描

左起:陳明山、林丙皇S

左起:陳明山、林丙皇(明男)

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林丙皇的作畫器具

藝海無涯勤作舟

臺灣戲劇布景繪製主要為兩派,一為三重的良雄派,擅長畫人物花鳥,一為嘉義的朝陽派,精於龍鳳山水。林丙皇曾繪製與他人不同的雙層走景,主題大多是樹木,所以也稱雙層樹景。他將樹木間的縫隙去除,使人可以從前層走景看到後層走景,這樣的繪製方式,給人豐富的交錯感與立體感,也避免觀眾經由樹間的隙縫看到其他景象。此外,他尤擅畫龍,甚至更勝師兄,這其實來自他對生活的細膩觀察。為了繪製龍爪,他觀察八哥鳥的腳,以倒勾的方式表現龍爪的力度,所以他筆下的龍總是充滿威嚴。「這種對生活的體悟,就是自已的藝術造詣,不但感性的創作,也理性的分析畫法,這樣才能創作出品質穩定的作品。」除了本派的技術,他也觀察別人的特點,並學為己用,同時自學素描,希望能夠抓住每個細節,正是這樣海納百川的學習精神,讓他不拘於本派而闖出一片天。

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